Pyramids area

In fact, the great pyramid of Khufu does not only represent the maximum of the experiences that were built by the Egyptians, but also it represent the advantage of the engineering, planning and beauty ratio, and it is the largest pyramid ever in Egypt. It is one of the Seven Wonders of the World which are:

• Giza Pyramids
• Semiramis Gardens in Babylon
• Statue of Zeus in Olympia
• Temple of Artemis in Ephesus
• The Shrine of Halikarnas
• Statue of Rhodes
• Lighthouse of Alexandria
• The entrance hole of the Great Pyramid now existed from the era of Harun al-Rashid, where the workers were looking for the place of the entrance, but they did not find it. They were forced to open this hole, which means that the pyramid was stolen in antiquity and the coffins and mummies they found were belonging to other times.
• The surface of this pyramid was covered with a layer of white limestone and full of inscriptions on the outside. It is said that if these writings had been moved on paper then 10,000 pages of books would not be enough, but unfortunately disappeared in the thirteenth century. But the external cover of the pyramid was removed in the era of Mohamed Ali to build some buildings in Cairo.
• King Khufu and Hottob Hors.
• King Khufu is the son of Sinferu and Queen Hottob Hors. It is said that his mother was buried beside his father in Saqqara, but the thieves managed to reach the tomb and then took her funeral furniture and her coffin and put it in a well beside the pyramid. Khufu ruled 23 years, where he married more than once and had many sons and daughters. Khufu was an active governor flourished the country in his time and art reached to the highest grades. The pharaoh Khufu was revered by his people and when he invited them to participate in the immortal building they responded to the call without hesitation. This was evidenced by the fact that many beautiful buildings and temples were built and he left the country in good economic condition. People continued to perform their own religious rituals and offer offerings to their temples for a long period.

 

 The Valley Temple of the Great Pyramid

 

As the Valley Temple of the Great Pyramid has not yet been found and it is believed that it exists under the village of Nazlet al-Samman.  It is also possible that one of the kings of the central state took the stones of this temple and used them to build the necessary buildings.

 

Ascending Path

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The ascending path of this pyramid existed until 100 years ago. It was covered with white masonry and there was a hole under it to pass people to the other side and it was decorated with complete inscriptions.

 

The Funeral Temple

 

It was located on the eastern side of the pyramid and was built by Khufu, but only some walls remained and the rest was destroyed with time, as there was a wall around the pyramid to guard it from thieves.

 

The Sun Boats.

The press announced the discovery of the sun boats in 1954 by the Egyptian engineer Kamal al-Malakh when he supervised the cleaning of the southern side. These boats were made of cedar wood where three boats were discovered: one found in good condition inside the Museum of the Sun boat behind the pyramids. Another one found in a bad condition and therefore preferred to leave it in its place. But unfortunately the third boat was stolen. It has been shown before that there are sun boats next to the Great Pyramid but until this date have been found. Two boats belonging to the family 12 have been found before. They are now in the Cairo Museum, but the importance of this great discovery lies in that it explains to us how the ancient Egyptians were good at building ships in the era of the ancient state, in addition to be the oldest of the large boats ship so far.

This boat is called the Sun boat. In fact this name is not 100 percent accurate. There were several types of ships used by the pharaoh in the other world, and from the study of the pyramids texts we find that there were at least eight kinds of boats used by the pharaoh his heavenly travels. Two of them to cross the sky where the sun god ride one for the daylight and the other one for the night journey, so only the name of the solar boat can be called on them. They can also be called funerary boats and they were 5 boats which were all discovered later. Two boats were found on the south side and another two on the southern side and the other one on the side of the ascending road. All the sun boats were built by the son of Khufu, king of Raa Raadf, after the death of his father.

 

Discovery of one boat.

This boat was discovered inside a large pit covered with stones named Raa Raadf. The workers began to lift the stones after six months and it became clear that the ship was not placed in the hole as it is, but they decrypted it before placing, and tried as much as possible to put each part in a natural position to appear as if it was an ordinary ship, but they put some of its parts in the hole without care, and then tossed the pillars of the ship’s cabin and the other paddles scattered over its surface as well as the doors.

 

Ship scales

The length of the ship is 43.55 meters and the height at the front 5 meters and at the rear 7 meters. The number of the parts is 651 pieces, and there is a large room in the center, the roof is 3 pillars of wood its crowns are of the type known as the model Nakhili

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Small Pyramids.

To the east of the Great Pyramid there are 3 small pyramids which are the tombs of the queens. There is a point of view says that there are graves for two of Khufu’s daughters, but this view is difficult to be believed because the daughters of Khufu were buried in the terraces

 

 

 

Pyramid of Hatap Heres.

Initially, this pyramid should have been elsewhere, a few meters to the east, but they found that this contradicted the design of the well that belonged to the queen, so they changed the pyramid’s location slightly to the west.

The base of this pyramid is square and is equal to 45 meters and is about 6 meters wide and 51 meters wide. The entrance is in the northern side and is at a higher level than the ground level. It is covered with a large block of limestone. This entrance leads to a long corridor of 16.5, leading to a hall, then a corridor and burial chamber. In the east of this pyramid is the funeral temple hall of the Queen, where they believed that the Queen’s spirit could enter and exit the cemetery through the imaginary door. In later times this temple became the nucleus of the worship of the goddess Isis.

 

Dimensions of the Great Pyramid.

The current height of the great pyramid is 137 meters and the original height was 146 meters. The length of the base is 240 meters and the angle is 51.5 degrees. The length of the rib is 277 meters, because they removed the outer covering. The great pyramid consists of the limestone they extracted from the hill itself and placed it around and above the height and the number of stones in the pyramid is 2,300,000 block between 2.5 and 15 tons per block.

If we cut all the stones of the pyramid into small pieces and put them side by side they will become two-thirds the length of the earth at the equator, when Napoleon was in Egypt, the French mission accounted the stones used in the Great Pyramid and what was beside it of the pyramids and found it enough to establish a wall around France Meters and 1 m.

 

Entrance of the pyramid.

It is located at the north of it and is in the thirteenth course and is about twenty meters from the ground. It is not currently used. Visitors now enter from Al-Mamoon entrance of which was in the workers’ currency in the 19th century and at a distance of thirty-six meters the corridor meets with the original corridor and the other corridors of the pyramid.  There is a corridor slopes down to an angle of 28 degrees to reach a room in the rock which the workers did not finish, and this room is the original chamber of burial as was the first design of the pyramid. But there were several changes during the construction of the pyramid, the first design was smaller than the current and then decided to grow up. Therefore, other stones should be placed on top of the pyramid, which required them to build an ascending corridor for a length of thirty-six meters and a dash of more than 1 meter. This corridor should be connected to another corridor, 35 meters long and 2 meters wide, until it ends in the queen’s room. But it was the burial chamber of the king in the first design of the pyramid, and at the point where the ascending passageway meets the horizontal corridor there is a hole of a well 60 meters deep up to the bottom section of the descending slope and this because it was a way out for the workers who were laying the stones in the ascending road. After the completion of our second burial chamber, the builders of the Pyramid did not design again. They increased the scope and built a third burial chamber higher than the previous two. Then they built another passage to reach the other burial chamber length of seven and forty meters and a dash of 8.5 meters.

 

Pressure relief rooms inside The Pyramid.

 

There is in the burial chamber lead to what is called Pressure relief rooms, they are 5 rooms built one above the other to loosen the pressure of the upper part of the pyramid construction on the burial room, which is located below, and each room is built of limestone and granite and its height is 1 meter.  In the third room we find a writing that says that in the seventeenth year of the reign of Pharaoh Khufu.

 

Pyramid construction methods.

The construction of the pyramid and the ascending road continued for 30 years, including 10 years to build the ascending road and 20 years to build the Pyramid itself. There is a view that they were using wooden boards to raise the stones to the first degree and then there is another machine above the first class to receive the stone up to the second degree and so on until they reach the required height.  But this opinion is said to be incorrect because of

• It was said that the pyramid and the ascending road were built in 30 years and Khufu ruled only 23 years.
• You say that the stones of the pyramid were brought of the East Bank through the Nile, but they were local stones of the hill itself.
• If there were wood boards for each stone and each course then I couldn’t be imagined the amount of wood used in building the pyramid.

 

Method of Diodorus

 

It is the method of the ascending road and which is closer to the mind, as the ascending road that we ascend on it now consists of closed road from the days of work in the construction of the pyramid.

 

Quotes about the pyramid

It is said that the date of the birth of Christ was determined through the inscribed writings inside the pyramid, but after searching we did not find anything about this subject. It is often said that some diseases can be cured by radiation coming out of the pyramid top or by sitting in special weather in parts of its corridors. The Great Pyramid is the largest and largest cemetery in the entire world until today. It was built to be one individual. It is also the largest building in history. However, the pyramid was unable to preserve the body of its establisher, but all success succeeded in perpetuating his name. However, how many generations will come see this building as so many other generations had seen it before.

 

First air-condition in the pyramid and in history

The ancient Egyptians tried to build the burial chamber to provide the Pharaoh with comfort. Therefore, they put a system to reduce the temperature of no more than 22 degrees, which is a two-lane system inside the burial chamber of the king which penetrate the stone rocks intersect with two sides of the pyramid to renew the air in the king’s chamber throughout the year at a constant temperature of 22 degrees. The name of the cemetery in the old language

The royal cemetery was called Khufu Ekhet and means Khufu’s horizon, which is written by placing the sun between two pyramids

Pyramid of Khafra

The pyramid has not lost all the external cover, and there is still a part of it in the top, and although the stones of the garment lost its beautiful white color. But retain its good weight and on moon nights it reflects the moonlight. The spot where the pyramid was built is steeply descended from west to east therefore Ancient Egyptians needed a great effort to prepare them for the construction.  So they carved the rock of the hill in the northern and western sides and used the stones they extracted to fill the gaps for the south and east sides.

The original height is 143.5 meters and the length of each rib is 215 meters and the angle of inclination is 53.10 degrees. The tomb remained buried under the sand until 1818 when Giovanni Belzoni came and found the entrance and reached the burial chamber.

 

Pyramid Entries

Belzoni entrance which rises 11 meters from the surface of the earth the entrance is cut from the ground in the rock (the current entrance) a few meters from the base of the pyramid.  Some say that it is because of the change of design during the construction. Another saw it as an entrance to the king to enter the mummy and then close the gates. Then the workers exit the other entrance and close it. This entrance is a descending corridor leading to a horizontal corridor and another corridor leading to a room The burial is empty and carved in the rock, and after the horizontal corridor the corridor rises to the top to meet the corridor connected to the upper entrance and they meet with each other until they reach a taller horizon in the rock. In the burial chamber there was a red granite coffin fixed in the ground 2.60 meters and 1.5 meters high and 10 meters high. But the truth is that the pyramid was built on two projects,  the first is the subterranean underground passage and the second is the current chamber of the sphincter.

 

The Valley Temple

It was covered with sand until it was dug in 1853 but it was not completely discovered,  because the archeologists’ belief was that it was a small building and then the first years of this century. The façade of the valley temple leads to the east. A berth for boats because of a channel passing in front of the temple at that time.

 

Walls

These walls were built of huge stones of limestone, covered with blocks of red granite and the Great Chalet, cut in the form of L, which gave hardness to the temple. The great majority of the granite stones that covered the walls were removed from outside and the builders used bulks of stone in the building of the temple floor and the construction of the walls of some rooms. The rectangular gaps in the earth were for putting the statues that belonged to the king. In the lobby there are 16 columns of red granites, which were covered. There was a nozzle in the ceiling that placed light on each statue. The importance of the temple is that the ancient Egyptians washed the body of the deceased king and mummed him and made a ritual of opening the mouth of Pharaoh Khafre.

 

Pyramid of Menkawra

It is the last of the Giza pyramids on the south side. It is smaller in size than the others. It was covered with red granite, which covered a large part of it because it reached the 16th level because of the death of Macao Ra during the construction. Therefore, his son Chbseskav completed, but in a cheap and quick manner and did not complete the garment and completed the construction of the temple of the valley of Menkawra with bricks.

To the south of this pyramid we find three small pyramids and a height of 10 meters and built of blocks of large stone blocks of local stones, and this pyramid is built over a part of a slope, and have made the place level using limestone and still a large part of the blanket Granity so far, and knows The year 1196 AD tried to destroy the ruler in Egypt, but the pyramid returned because of the high cost of demolition.

The height of the pyramid is 66.50 meters and the length of the rib is 108.5 meters and the entrance is in the north. It rises 4 meters above the surface of the earth in the fourth level of the pyramid. The entrance leads to a long corridor of 31 meters and a wall of granite. We came to the burial chamber where a wooden coffin was found for Menkaure and remnants of the mummy of a man who may have been a minker and are now in the British Museum. Another basalt coffin was found, decorated in the shape of the facade of the palace. As for Spain.

 

The reason of the absence of many remains of this collection is the early death of the king before the completion of the construction and then came daughter of Shbesavsk and completed the bricks after he had modified the planning on a large scale.

 

sphinx

In fact, the Sphinx is synonymous with sarcasm. Until 1926, the Sphinx was covered with sand, and after the lifting of the sand it turned out that you were referring to the era of Khafra, the second pyramid, and this statue is unique and no Pharaoh has done it before. Originated? And what is the reason why Khafra is doing this work?

The answer to this question must be said that in the place of the current sphinx was cut stones to build the Great Pyramid, and have taken from this quarry better blocks, but remained a large block preferred not to use it in the construction of the pyramid and remained so close to the Valley Valley It does not appeal to the eye, but spoils the view of the second pyramid and the ascending road, so the builders had to remove this block Oygiru form, and therefore the engineers decided to sculpt in the form of a huge statue of the king with a human head and the body of a lion, and a dash of 20 meters and a length of feet Even the 57 meter tail, the statue looks east where the sun rises.

 

Chilling and Sphinx.

It is said that the soldiers of Napoleon smashed the nose of the Sphinx when they used it during their exercises on guns and guns, but this view is not true, and there is also a story that an Arab ruler called a fasting man when he arrived in Egypt found people worshiping the Sphinx and decided to distort the face of the statue , And the Sphinx became an idol in modern countries because it was made by the God of the earth. When an earthquake occurred, people came and offered sacrifices to take care of them.

The Story of Tuthmosis

In the middle of the 18th Dynasty, the Sphinx was covered with sand, and a young man named Tuthmosis was on a fishing trip. He was tired and went to rest under the head of the Sphinx. Horus is in the dream. The machine speaks a mechanism and complains of the accumulation of sand. And the mind of the god God Mkhis that he will become the property of Egypt if the sand removed from the body of the statue, and remained a vision where the brother was the legitimate heir to the rule after his father, until the Sphinx and promised and became Tuthmosis Pharaoh Egypt and named Tuthmosis IV, after The king lifted the sand from the body of the statue and built a wall of mud bricks to prevent the sand from entering again and record all You either painting on the granite statue.

 

The cabins under the sphinx

In the Ptolemaic period there were stories spread among people where it was said that there were secret rooms under the Sphinx and the presence of a secret corridor between the statue and the second pyramid, and scientists have tried many to search without finding anything.

Demolition in the Ptolemaic Period.

The Sphinx was covered in the Ptolemaic period by sand, and this is a reason to lose some of its lines. The builders tried to recreate it by using small stones that are still present on the farmers, on both sides and on the tail. On the Sphinx and is in place looking towards the east and on his lips a faint smile full of secrets as he saw Egypt at the height of its strength and in moments of weakness under occupation.

 

The statue represents Khafra in the pyramid form in his eternal image. He has carved a name from Shebs Ankh to turn in Greek to Sphinx and means the living statue to express the artistic work itself. Therefore, we see the super large lion extending the huge animal figure between the red desert And the sky, his face is a realistic picture of the branch and was red-brown and was surrounded by the thick hair and headdress and the warm animal, every morning receives the dawn of the sun in the dawn and dominates the capital to show people that the king and the sun mingled with the entity of God One.